A Muse of Astronomy

Defining Creativity in Ancient Greece

Authors

  • Noah Knishkowy University of Pittsburgh (undergraduate student)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5195/pur.2024.47

Keywords:

muse, muses, creativity, ancient greece, urania, poetry, divine inspiration

Abstract

The ancient Greek Muses were deities credited with divine inspiration of poets and others, enabling those mortals to create great works in their field. This inspiration, sometimes temporary and sometimes permanent, could either grant an individual a divine level of talent, or give access to knowledge that was otherwise unknowable, all in order to enhance the mortal’s craft. Divinely inspired creation was generally perceived as a collaborative process, involving contribution by both the mortal (accumulating skill and knowledge over their lifetime) and the Muse (granting divine inspiration). With 9 Muses, each overseeing a different realm, it may seem surprising that astronomy (manifested as the goddess Urania) is included alongside arts such as epic poetry, tragic theater and choral music. However, upon further examination of both primary and secondary sources, the boundary between art and science that exists in the present day was not present in ancient Greek society. Instead, realms of knowledge as diverse as astronomy, history, and dance were thought to involve both reason and creativity, represented by mortal technical skill and divine inspiration, respectively. Only with both elements, believed the ancient Greeks, could a mortal produce something truly great.

References

Antcliffe, Herbert. “Music in the Life of the Ancient Greeks.” The Musical Quarterly 16, no. 2 (1930): 263–75. http://www.jstor.org/stable/738451.

Avni, Abraham. “Inspiration in Plato and the Hebrew Prophets.” Comparative Literature 20, no. 1 (1968): 55–63. https://doi.org/10.2307/1769806.

Budin, Stephanie. “A Reconsideration of the Aphrodite-Ashtart Syncretism.” Numen 51, no. 2 (2004): 95–145. https://doi.org/10.1163/156852704323056643.

Diodorus Siculus. Library of History, vol. II. Translated by C.H. Oldfather. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1935. Bill Thayer’s Web Site. Accessed December 15, 2023. https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/4A*.html.

Hesiod. Theogony. In Hesiod, the Homeric Hymns, and Homerica. Translated by H.G. Evelyn-White. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1914. Perseus Digital Library. Accessed December 10, 2023. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130.

Ledbetter, Grace M. Poetics before Plato: Interpretation and Authority in Early Greek Theories of Poetry. 1st ed. Princeton, NJ, USA: Princeton University Press, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400825288.

Maurizio, Lisa. “Anthropology and Spirit Possession: A Reconsideration of the Pythia’s Role at Delphi.” The Journal of Hellenic Studies 115 (1995): 69–86. https://doi.org/10.2307/631644.

Murray, Penelope. “The Muses and Their Arts.” In Music and the Muses. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199242399.003.0014.

Murray, Penelope. “Poetic Inspiration in Early Greece.” The Journal of Hellenic Studies 101 (1981): 87–100. https://doi.org/10.2307/629846.

Pausanias. Description of Greece. Translated by W.H.S. Jones and H.A. Ormerod. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1918. Perseus Digital Library. Accessed December 10, 2023. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0160.

Paxson, Thomas D. “Art and Paideia.” Journal of Aesthetic Education 19, no. 1 (1985): 67–78. https://doi.org/10.2307/3332559.

Rigsby, Kent J. “A Decree of Haliartus on Cult.” The American Journal of Philology 108, no. 4 (1987): 729–40. https://doi.org/10.2307/294796.

Simpson, Thomas K. “The Museum as Grove of the Muses.” The Journal of Museum Education 25, no. 1/2 (2000): 28–31. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40479178.

University of Warwick Department of Classics and Ancient History. “Sanctuary of the Muses at Thespiai.” Classics and Ancient History. Accessed November 9, 2023. https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/arts/classics/intranets/students/modules/greekreligion/database2/muses/.

Downloads

Published

2024-04-12

How to Cite

Knishkowy, N. (2024). A Muse of Astronomy: Defining Creativity in Ancient Greece. Pittsburgh Undergraduate Review, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.5195/pur.2024.47